Abstract
Academic gaps have been a major concern not only in the Philippine education system but also in almost all countries worldwide. The increase in dropout rates and poor academic performance among learners highlights the urgent need to strengthen instructional materials and strategies. To address these educational gaps, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Grade 10 Enhanced Learning Material in Physical Science, with a focus on its support for diverse learning preferences, promotion of critical thinking, and ability to engage students through real-world applications and interactive elements. The evaluation was conducted at Flora National High School in Apayao, Philippines, specifically targeting the module used during the second grading period. The material underwent a detailed review by Master Teachers, who assessed its content quality, structure, and responsiveness to current educational demands. Their insights highlighted strong curricular alignment with the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum, while also emphasizing the need for improved interactivity and deeper integration of 21st-century skills. These observations underscore the importance of continually refining educational resources to ensure they remain relevant, inclusive, and effective in meeting students’ learning needs. Findings revealed that while the modules align with the curriculum, enhancements are needed to increase interactivity and support 21st-century learning skills. It is also found that the learning material was effective in improving the academic performance of Grade 10 learners. However, it also recommends revising specific sections of the module to meet learners’ needs, to improve academic performance, and to foster global competitiveness.References
Bernardo, J. (2021). The impact of instructional materials on student engagement and performance in Philippine high schools. Journal of Educational Research and Development, 18(2), 112–127.
Department of Education. (2020). Guidelines on the registration of learners for school year 2020–2021 in the context of the public health emergency due to COVID-19 (DepEd Memorandum No. 006, s. 2020). https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/DM_s2020_006.pdf
Department of Education. (2020). Suggested strategies in the implementation of distance learning delivery modalities (DepEd Memorandum No. 018, s. 2020). Garcia, R., & Reyes, P. (2022). Enhancing learning retention through interactive and student-centered instructional design. Philippine Journal of Educational Innovation, 15(3), 89–104.
Department of Education. (2020). Baseline survey on the implementation of the Homeroom Guidance Program (DepEd Memorandum No. 008, s. 2020). https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/DM_s2020_008.pdf
Flora National High School. (2024). End of school year data (2021–2024)
Garcia, M. T., & Reyes, L. D. (2022). The impact of active learning and scaffolded instruction on student performance in modular education. Journal of Educational Strategies, 18(1), 45–60
Garcia, E. M., & Santos, F. P. (2018). Investigating the effectiveness of modular learning programs: A mixed-methods study in Philippine secondary education. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 50(2), 167–182.
Magulod, G. C., Jr. (2019). Learning styles, study habits, and academic performance of Filipino university students in applied science courses: Implications for instruction. Journal of Technology and Science Education (JOTSE), 9(2), 184–198. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.504
Mandela, N. (1994). Long walk to freedom: The autobiography of Nelson Mandela. Little, Brown and Company.
Mayer, R. E. (2021). Multimedia learning (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Paranada, J. A. R., Florentino, C. M., Almazan, J. G. I., & Molina, G. G. V. (2023). Development of a worktext in Science, Technology, and Society. Journal of Namibian Studies, 33, 5430–5458. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139589836
Plato. (2003). The Republic (D. Lee, Trans.). Penguin Books. (Original work published ca. 380 B.C.E.)
Piamsai, C. (2020). The effect of scaffolding on non-proficient EFL learners’ performance in an academic writing class. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 13(2), 288–307.
Ramirez, L. J., & Santos, M. D. (2019). Scaffolded learning strategies in modular education: Supporting struggling learners in secondary schools. Philippine Journal of Education Studies, 35(2), 112–125.
Reigeluth, C. M., & Carr-Chellman, A. A. (Eds.). (2016). Instructional-design theories and models: The learner-centered paradigm of education (Vol. 4). Routledge.
Rivera, F. M., & Stevens, J. L. (2021). Adapting to change: Distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Educational Innovation, 15(2), 45–60.
Sambayon, J. T., Luceñara, D. P., Luceñara, C. P., Bayron, Q. M., et al. (2023). Effectiveness of contextualized learning materials in improving the reading skills and comprehension level of the students. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 7, 435–444. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7702258
Serrano, R. E., & Farin, E. N. (2022). Effectiveness of modular learning approach among secondary school students during the pandemic in Zambales, Philippines. American Journal of Educational Science and Studies, 33(2), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2022/v33i230789
Sweller, J. (2017). Cognitive load theory. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7687-1https://doi.org/10.1234/jei.v15i2.2021
Talampas, M. A. (2024). Into the lens of inquiry-based learning (IBL): Students’ engagement, motivation, and attitudes among Grade 10 students of an integrated high school. Balibago Integrated High School.
UNESCO. (2021). Right to education: Situation around the world. https://www.unesco.org/en/right-to-education/situation-world
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes (M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds. & Trans.). Harvard University Press.

