Abstract
This study examined the factors affecting the holistic development of Physical Education (PE) students and their relationship with academic performance and holistic development outcomes. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 244 first- and second-year students enrolled in Physical Education courses at Isabela State University–Ilagan Campus through stratified random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire that underwent expert validation and reliability testing was utilized to measure the factors influencing holistic development and students’ developmental outcomes. Results revealed that the respondents demonstrated a very high level of holistic development (M = 3.39, SD = 0.56), with socio-emotional development obtaining the highest rating (M = 3.56, SD = 0.55). Among the identified factors, curriculum emerged as the strongest influence on students’ holistic development (M = 3.55, SD = 0.56), followed by faculty support (M = 3.51, SD = 0.54), administrative support (M = 3.48, SD = 0.56), peer influence (M = 3.47, SD = 0.58), and equipment and facilities (M = 3.24, SD = 0.66). No significant differences were found in students’ perceptions of these factors when grouped according to age, sex, and religion (p > .05). Correlation analysis showed that equipment and facilities had a significant positive relationship with students’ General Weighted Average (r = .155, p = .015), whereas the other factors were not significantly associated with academic performance. Furthermore, all identified factors exhibited significant positive relationships with overall holistic development, with the combined factors demonstrating a moderate positive correlation (r = .594, p < .01). The major challenges encountered by students involved values and beliefs, interpersonal and intrapersonal skills, attitudes toward Physical Education, study habits, and confidence in performing physical activities. The study concludes that curriculum quality, faculty engagement, administrative support, adequate facilities, and positive peer interactions are essential determinants of holistic development among Physical Education students. Strengthening these factors may further enhance students’ cognitive, socio-emotional, and psychomotor growth.
