Abstract
This study assessed the effectiveness and sustainability of the domestic water supply system in Barangay Babalag, Rizal, Kalinga, with emphasis on project management, water adequacy, distribution, community participation, and project impacts. Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from 231 respondents, including both BAWASA consumers and non-consumers, through a structured questionnaire. Frequency counts, percentages, and weighted means were employed to analyze the data. Results revealed that the overall challenges in project management and maintenance were generally perceived as minor (WM = 2.54), although inadequate community involvement emerged as a serious concern (WM = 3.64). Factors contributing to water supply inadequacy were rated as moderate problems (WM = 2.44), with water overflow identified as the most serious issue (WM = 3.69). Uneven water distribution was likewise considered a moderate problem (WM = 2.82), primarily due to insufficient storage capacity (WM = 4.01) and weak political support (WM = 3.81). Community participation in project implementation and maintenance was generally high (WM = 3.72), with community leaders playing a consistently significant role in project execution (WM = 4.53). Furthermore, the water system generated positive contributions across social (WM = 3.80), economic (WM = 3.67), environmental (WM = 4.37), and sanitation (WM = 3.39) dimensions, with environmental benefits receiving the highest rating. The findings indicate that the domestic water system contributes substantially to community well-being and environmental sustainability. However, improving water storage facilities, strengthening governance mechanisms, enhancing community participation, and upgrading infrastructure are essential to ensure equitable water distribution, reliable service delivery, and long-term sustainability.
